What is a public employee?

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The public employee is a person who renders his services to the Public Administration obtaining a remuneration for it. The relationship that exists between the public employee and the Administration is of a statutory and labor nature. In order to be a public employee, the person must pass tests called oppositions.

If such tests are passed, the people who opt for the places offered are those with the highest number of points and meet a series of requirements.

Classes of public employees

Public employees can be divided into four distinct groups:

  • The career employee is linked to the Public Administration in a permanent way and receiving for it a remuneration.
  • The temporary employee is also linked to the Administration but not in a permanent way as is the case with the career employee. In the case of the temporary employee, he will provide his services when there is a vacancy and for a limited time.
  • The workforce provides a series of services to the Public Administration through a contract.
  • The last class of public employee is the labor personnel. This type of person performs a series of specific functions within the Administration itself. This is a staff that is not permanent.

In the case of the career employee, there may be three types or classes:

  • Group A is made up of people who have passed the tests and possess a college degree.
  • Group B is below A and You are required to be in possession of the title of Superior Technician.
  • Group C is made up of those people who passed the competitive examinations and who have a high school diploma or a school graduate. The former are included in C1 and the latter in C2.

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How to become a public employee

As we have already mentioned above, in order to access a public employee position, the person must pass a series of selective tests. The places offered are established by the Government through a public employment offer. These tests will vary according to the position offered:

  • The opposition is about a series of theoretical tests based on a specific agenda of the job for which you are applying. The applicants who obtain a higher grade will be those who obtain some of the places offered.
  • In the competition-opposition, theoretical tests and a competition phase are carried out. In this phase, a series of merits contributed by the applicant for the position are counted for the final grade.
  • The last test is the contest. In this case, no type of theoretical test will be carried out, taking into account only the merits provided by the applicant. These merits are translated into points and the more points the greater the probability of accessing that position.

Such tests refer to the Spanish State, and may vary outside said territory.

What is the difference between the public employee and the public servant

The public employee serves the State, being able to work in various areas of it, either in a ministry or a delegation. He carries out the orders given to him by his superior, who is none other than the public official. On the contrary, the public servant encompasses all state workers, including civil servants or public employees. It could therefore be said that all public employees are public servants.

The public servant may have a contract for life or on a temporary basis, receiving remuneration for the activity carried out in any institution dependent on the State.

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Management bodies of public employees

There are three management bodies in which public employees will act. Depending on the rank or activity they have, the employees will act in one or the other. In this case they are the following:

  • Local bodies represented by the municipalities.
  • Autonomous bodies represented by the autonomous government.
  • General body represented by the Government of the country.

In short, many people often confuse the term civil servant with that of public employee. Although in both cases they are State workers, it should be noted that the official is the employee's superior and the one who orders the activities to be carried out. When accessing the government's public offer, it should be noted that the tests are the same as in the case of the public official. Luckily each year there are usually enough vacancies offered in relation to the position or position of employee and public official.


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