Njalo ngonyaka abantu abaningi banquma ukuvela ku- ukuphikisana namaPhoyisa kaZwelonke. Mhlawumbe ukungavikeleki kwemisebenzi esihlupheka njengamanje noma iqiniso lokuthi izikhundla ezihlala njalo ezidumile ezinkampanini ezizimele azisekho kanjalo, zisenza sicabange kabusha ngomqondo wokuthola isikhundla njengesisebenzi sikahulumeni futhi ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekise isikhundla esimisiwe nomholo unomphela.
Okulandelayo, sikutshela konke ngalezi zivivinyo kumaPhoyisa Kazwelonke: izidingo, i-ajenda, njll.. Ungaphuthelwa yilutho futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ungazethula kubo.
Izidingo zokwethula
Ngokomthetho wamanje iRoyal Decree 614/1995, yango-Ephreli 21, ishicilelwe kwiGazethi Esemthethweni Yombuso engu-118, kaMeyi 18, elawula izinqubo zokukhetha Ukwamukelwa Emaphoyiseni Kazwelonke, futhi ngokuya nge-Organic Law 9/2015, ka NgoJulayi 28, weNational Police Staff Regime, ukuze amukelwe kumkhuba wezivivinyo ezikhethiwe kubafakizicelo besikhundla sokuba yiphoyisa, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuhlangatshezwane, ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokufakwa kwezicelo, izidingo ezilandelayo :
- Yiba ne- Ubuzwe baseSpain.
- Yiba wahlanganisa iminyaka engu-18 futhi kungeqi eminyakeni yobudala ethathe umhlalaphansi.
- Ukungatholwa necala elibi, noma ahlukaniswe nomsebenzi woMbuso, we-Autonomous, Local noma we-Institutional Administration, noma angavunyelwa ukwenza imisebenzi yomphakathi.
- Akufakiwe kunoma iyiphi izimbangela zokukhishwa ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo okuvimbela noma okhubaza amandla okusebenza noma okusebenza adingekayo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yamaPhoyisa kaZwelonke asungulwe kusiJobelelo III salolu bizo.
- Ukuzibophezela ekuphatheni izikhali futhi, lapho kufanele khona, zisebenzise, okuzohlinzekwa ngesitatimende somfakisicelo.
- Iba ne isiqu esincane Amamitha angu-1,65 kwabesilisa no-1,60 kwabesifazane.
- Yiba nefa le- ilayisense yokushayela ibanga B.
Ubufakazi bokuphikisana namaphoyisa kaZwelonke
Lokhu kuphikisana kunesilinganiso sezivivinyo ezine:
- Okomzimba: Kuqukethe ukwenza izivivinyo zomzimba ezahlukahlukene. Ukuthola amaphuzu angama-zero kunoma iyiphi yazo kucabanga ukuqedwa kwalowo ofaka isicelo.
- Ukuhlolwa kolwazi. Kuzoba nokuzivocavoca okuthathu:
- Impendulo ebhaliwe ngemizuzu engamashumi amahlanu kuhlu lwemibuzo lwemibuzo eyikhulu, enesitatimende nezimpendulo ezintathu ezihlukile okukhona eyodwa kuphela okuyiqiniso, okuhlobene ne-ajenda. Amaphutha ayajeziswa, ngokuya ngefomula elandelayo: A - [E / (n-1)], lapho u- "A" eyinani lamahithi, u- "E" eyinombolo yamaphutha, kanti u- "n" uyinombolo yokuphendula ezinye izindlela.
- Ukuzivocavoca okubhaliwe nokwenziwe ngomlomo kwezilimi zaseFrance noma zesiNgisi ezingeni le-Baccalaureate. Umbhalo, abaphikisi abazoba nawo imizuzu engamashumi amane, uzoba nokuqonda kanye nolwazi lohlelo lohlelo lombhalo olimini olukhethiwe nangomlomo engxoxweni yolimi olufanayo.
- Isinqumo esibhaliwe emizuzwini engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye yokuqagela noma yokuqagela lapho izihloko ezise-ajenda kufanele zihambisane khona. Siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili:
- Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo. Ukwenza ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma okungaphezulu okuhlose ukunquma ubuntu nobuchule bomfakisicelo ngokusebenza komsebenzi wamaphoyisa maqondana nesigaba afiselwa kuso. Kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwesipelingi.
- Ingxoxo yomuntu siqu. Kusukela emphumeleni wokuhlolwa kobuntu, izinto ezifanayo ezinqunywe yinkantolo zizophenywa kumfakisicelo.
Womabili amaqembu ahlolwa ngokuhlanganyela futhi inkantolo ibeka amaphuzu aphansi adingekayo ukwedlula ngalinye lawo, lenze umphakathi uhlu lwabafakizicelo okuthi, sebethole okungenani amaphuzu akhonjisiwe, kumele babizelwe esivivinyweni sesine.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ukwenza lolu vivinyo, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokwelashwa zokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile okubhekwa njengokufanelekile, kufaka phakathi ukuhlaziywa kwegazi nomchamo.
I-ajenda yokufunda
- Isihloko 01. Umthetho: Umqondo nezincazelo. Imikhuba emihle yezomthetho: Umqondo, isakhiwo, amakilasi nezinhlamvu. Ukuqala kobukhosi obujwayelekile. Umuntu ngomqondo osemthethweni: Umqondo nezigaba; ukuzalwa nokuqothulwa kwalo; amandla asemthethweni namandla okwenza okuthile. Ukutholwa, ukongiwa nokulahlekelwa ubuzwe baseSpain. Indawo yokuhlala. Indawo yomphakathi.
- Isihloko 02. Umthethosisekelo waseSpain (I): Isakhiwo nezinhlamvu zoMthethosisekelo waseSpain wango-1978. Amagugu oMthethosisekelo. Izimiso zombuso womthethosisekelo: umbuso wentando yeningi, umthetho, umbuso wezenhlalo, ubukhosi basephalamende kanye nezwe elizimele. Amalungelo ayisisekelo nemisebenzi esungulwe kuMthethosisekelo: Ukubhekiswa okukhethekile kwamalungelo ayisisekelo kanye nenkululeko yomphakathi, kanye neziqinisekiso zabo nokumiswa kwamalungelo nenkululeko. Ombudsman.
- Isihloko 03. Umthethosisekelo waseSpain (II): Womqhele. KumaCortes Generales. Ohulumeni kanye Nezokuphatha. Ngobudlelwano phakathi kukaHulumeni nabakwaCortes Generales. Wamandla Okwahlulela. Enhlanganweni yendawo kaHulumeni. Enkantolo Yomthethosisekelo. Ngokuguqulwa komthethosisekelo.
- Isihloko 04. I-European Union: Inkomba yomlando. Ilungelo elisuselwe. Izikhungo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-European Union. Ukubambisana kwamaphoyisa emhlabeni jikelele.
- Isihloko 05. Ukuhlelwa nokusebenza kwe-General State Administration: Izimiso zenhlangano, ukusebenza kanye nobudlelwano nezakhamizi; imigwamanda ephakeme nezindikimba ezilawulayo enhlanganweni emaphakathi. UHulumeni: Ukwakheka, ukuhleleka nemisebenzi; uHulumeni obambile.
- Isihloko 06. Izikhulu zomphakathi: Umqondo nezifundo. Ukutholwa nokulahlekelwa isimo esisemthethweni.
- Isihloko 07. UMnyango Wezangaphakathi: Isisekelo senhlangano. UNobhala Wezwe Wezokuphepha: Isakhiwo nemisebenzi.
- Isihloko 08. IHhovisi eliPhethe lamaPhoyisa. Isakhiwo semvelo nemisebenzi esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo kanye nemisebenzi eseceleni yamaphoyisa kaZwelonke. Amaphoyisa Kazwelonke: Imisebenzi, izikali nezigaba; izinhlelo zokufinyelela; izimo zokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe nezokuphatha.
- Isihloko 09. I-Organic Law 2/1986, kaMashi 13, Yezokuphepha Nemigwamanda: Izinhlinzeko ezijwayelekile; imigomo yokusebenza eyisisekelo; izinhlinzeko ezivamile zomthetho. Emibuthweni Yezokuphepha Kahulumeni Nemigwamanda: Amalungelo wokumelwa ngokuhlanganyela; uMkhandlu Wamaphoyisa; ukuhlelwa kwamayunithi Ezomthetho Amaphoyisa; Wamaphoyisa Emiphakathi Ezimele; wokusebenzisana nokusebenzisana phakathi koMbuso Nemiphakathi Ezimele; wamaphoyisa endawo.
- Isihloko 10. Ukungena, ukunyakaza kwamahhala nokuhlala eSpain kwezakhamizi zamazwe angamalungu e-European Union nakwamanye amazwe aseMelika esivumelwaneni se-European Economic Area. Amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu bakwamanye amazwe eSpain kanye nokuhlangana kwabo emphakathini. Ukungena nokuphuma kwendawo yaseSpain. Ukugunyazwa kokuhlala nokuhlala.
- Isihloko 11. Okwephulwe endabeni yabokufika kanye nombuso wayo wokuvumela. Izinhlobo zamacala: amacala amancane, amacala amakhulu kanye namacala abucayi kakhulu. Izijeziso Ukuqanjwa kwamaphutha nezinhlawulo. Imiphumela yokuxoshwa nokubuyiselwa. Imiphumela yokwenqaba ukungena.
- Isihloko 12. Ukuvikelwa kwamazwe omhlaba. Imithetho yenqubo yokwamukelwa kokuvikelwa kwamazwe omhlaba. Kwabancane nabanye abantu abasengozini. Izikhungo zokwamukela ababaleki. Abantu abangenabala nabalahlekelwe ngamakhaya.
- Isihloko 13. Izinhlinzeko ezijwayelekile zokuphepha kwangasese eSpain. Ukudidiyela. Izinkampani zonogada ezizimele kanye namahhovisi abaseshi abazimele. Abasebenzi bezokuphepha abazimele. Izinsizakalo nezinyathelo zokuphepha.
- Isihloko 14. Izindlela zokuvikelwa kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile. Ikhathalogu Kazwelonke yezingqalasizinda ezibucayi. Uhlelo olubucayi lokuvikela ingqalasizinda. Ukuphepha kwe-cyber
- Isihloko 15. Umthetho wezobugebengu: Umqondo. ukwazisa imigomo yomthetho wobugebengu. Icala lobugebengu. Umqondo wobugebengu bezinto ezibonakalayo. Izinga lokwenziwa kobugebengu. Abantu bemvelo nabasemthethweni ababhekele ubugebengu. Imiphumela yezomthetho yecala lobugebengu. Ukusebenza kwesikhashana nokwendawo koMthetho Wobugebengu. Isikhathi sobugebengu nemiphumela yaso. Ukuguqula izimo zomthwalo wobugebengu.
- Isihloko 16. Umbono womthetho wenqubo yobugebengu. Umqondo wegunya namandla. Izitho zamandla obugebengu. Umqondo wesikhalazo nesibopho sokubika. Ukuboshwa: Umqondo nobude besikhathi. Isibopho sokuma. Amalungelo wesiboshwa. Inqubo ye-habeas corpus. UMnyango Wezezimali: Imisebenzi. Amaphoyisa Ezobulungiswa.
- Isihloko 17. Izinyathelo eziphelele zokuvikela ukulwa nodlame lobulili. Izimiso eziqondisayo. Ukuqwashisa, ukuvimbela nokutholwa. Amalungelo abesifazane abayizisulu zodlame lobulili. Uhlaka lokulawula nezenzo ezihlose ukukhuthaza ukulingana phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
- Isihloko 18. Isingeniso Ekuvimbeleni Izingozi Zasemsebenzini. Umqondo Ojwayelekile Womsebenzi. Impilo nezimo zokusebenza umqondo. Umsebenzi nempilo. Umqondo ojwayelekile wezingozi emsebenzini. Izimiso ezijwayelekile zomsebenzi wokuvimbela. Imiqondo yokuvikela nokuvikela. Umphumela wezingozi. Ukulimala kwezempilo.
- Isihloko 19. Uhlaka oluyisisekelo lokulawula ekuvikeleni ubungozi emsebenzini. Umthetho 31/1995, on the Prevention of Occupational Risks. RD 39/1997, Ukulawulwa kwemisebenzi yokuvikela. I-RD 2/2006, ekuVikeleni Izingozi Emsebenzini ezikhulwini zeNational Police Corps. I-RD 67/2010 ekuguquleni i-Prevention of Occupational Risks ku-General State Administration. Amalungelo ayisisekelo nemisebenzi ezintweni Zokuvimbela Ubungozi Emsebenzini.
- Isihloko 20. Amalungelo abantu. Isimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu. Isivumelwano SaseYurophu Sokuvikelwa Kwamalungelo Abantu Nenkululeko Eyisisekelo. Isivumelwano Esimelene Nokuhlushwa. Isivumelwano Esingakhethwa Esivumelwaneni Esimelene Nokuhlushwa Indlela Kazwelonke Yokuvimbela Ukuhlukumeza Ombudsman.
- Isihloko 21. Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke nokulwa nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Imiqondo nezici. Umphumela wokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Ukusabela ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba. I-Anti-Globalization Movement: Izinhlangano, Izinhloso kanye Nomlando. Inkundla Yomphakathi Yomhlaba Wonke.
- Isihloko 22. Isimo sengqondo namagugu. Ukwakheka kwezimo zengqondo: Umqondo, izingxenye nemisebenzi. Izimiso ezibandayo, ubandlululo nokubandlululwa. Isimo sengqondo sobuntu obugunyaziwe: I-Xenophobia ne-dogmatism. Amaqembu omphakathi.
- Isihloko 23. Izimiso zokuziphatha zomphakathi wanamuhla. Ukudluliswa kwamagugu emphakathini wanamuhla: Inqubo yokuzihlanganisa nabantu. Isibopho senkululeko. Ukulingana-ubumbano. Ukubekezelelana. Ukuphikisana, ukusabela komphakathi kumanani amaningi: Ubandlululo, ukushisekela ngokweqile, ubufandamentali, ubuhlelo, ubuqili.
- Isihloko 24. Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Ukuhamba okufudukayo: Umqondo nezimbangela zokufuduka. Izinhlobo nemiphumela. Ukufuduka okukhulu ngomlando. Namuhla ukufuduka. Ukuhlanganiswa komphakathi: Isici esibalulekile sokuhlangana komphakathi.
- Isihloko 25. Umqondo womuntu wejografi. Idolobha, imisinga yokufunda efanayo. Inani labantu, isakhiwo kanye namaqembu omphakathi. Isibalo sabantu: Inani labantu, inani lokuzalwa nelokufa, ukukhula kwemvelo. Umphakathi omkhulu. Ukungcola nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
- Isihloko 26. Ukuphepha. Umqondo. ukuphepha ngakunye nokuphepha okuhlangene. Ukuphepha komphakathi nokuphepha kwangasese. Ukungavikeleki. Imibono echazayo yobugebengu: Umqondo, amamodeli achazayo nezinhlobo zobugebengu.
- Isihloko 27. Umlutha wezidakamizwa. Imiqondo yezidakamizwa, umthengi, izindlela zokuphatha, ukulutha, ukuncika, ukubekezelelana, ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezidakamizwa. Izitayela zakamuva zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa emphakathini wethu.
- Isihloko 28. Ukuthuthuka okungashabalali. Umqondo. Ukudidiyela nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Umphakathi nentuthuko eqhubekayo. Izinsimbi zokuphathwa kwemvelo.
- Isihloko 29. Isipelingi solimi lwaseSpain Imithetho yokupela isipelingi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu noma ama-graphemes. Ukusetshenziswa kwegama, izimpawu zesipelingi nezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane. Ukumelwa kokuqhafaza kwamayunithi we-lexical. Isipelingi sezincazelo ezivela kwezinye izilimi, zamagama afanele nezincazelo zamanani.
- Isihloko 30. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo nemisebenzi yekhompyutha. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows. Incazelo nokusebenza okuyisisekelo, izithonjana nezinto, ukuphathwa kwamayunithi wesitoreji, ukuhlelwa kwedatha ngamayunithi, izingxenye nokusebenza kwedeskithophu, i-Windows Explorer, i-recycle bin, iphaneli yokulawula, izesekeli. Vula iHhovisi.
- Isihloko 31. I-Microsoft Word processor processor: Izinto eziyisisekelo, umsizi, ukusebenza okuyisisekelo, uhlamvu, ukufomethwa kwendima kanye nekhasi, ukulungiswa kombhalo, ukuphrinta, amakholomu, amathebhu, amatafula kanye nemidwebo.
- Isihloko 32. Isingeniso kumanethiwekhi wekhompyutha nezinhlobo. I-inthanethi ne-Intranet. Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lweziphequluli ze-Intanethi: i-Internet Explorer, iMozilla Firefox, iGoogle Chrome neSafari. Imithombo yezokuxhumana.
- Isihloko 33. Ubugebengu bekhompyutha (ubugebengu obenziwa ngekhompyutha). Ukuvikelwa Kwemininingwane. Ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile kwelungelo lobumfihlo. Ubufakazi bedijithali ezinkambisweni zobugebengu.
- Isihloko 34. I-Technologies entsha yocwaningo lwezemvelo. Izinhlelo zamakhompiyutha kanye nokulingiswa kwemvelo. Ukuzwa okukude: amasistimu. Izinhlelo Zokuzulazula Zomhlaba Wonke (i-GNSS). I-Telematics isekelwa ukuzwa okukude.
- Isihloko 35. Umsuka wezibhamu. Incazelo, ukuhlukaniswa, izigaba kanye nokusebenza kwezibhamu: ireferensi ekhethekile yokulawulwa kwezibhamu. Igobolondo: Incazelo nezakhi. Izikhali ezingavunyelwe. Imibhalo evikela ukuphatha nokuphatha izikhali. Ama-ballistics we-Forensic.
- Isihloko 36. Imoto ehamba phambili. Incazelo yemoto ehamba phambili. Amandla abashayeli bezimoto ezibalulekile. Ukuziphatha kwabanye abashayeli maqondana nezimoto ezibalulekile. Ukushayela izimoto ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu eziphuthumayo.
- Isihloko 37. Ukuphepha Ezimotweni Eziphambili Zokushayela. Incazelo yokuphepha okusebenzayo nokungenziwanga. Ama-Active and Passive Safety Systems ezimotweni zabagibeli nasezithuthuthu. Ithonya Lezinhlelo Zokuvikela ezingozini zomgwaqo. Imiphumela yezokuphepha ekuqhutshweni kwamaphoyisa nokudluliswa kweziboshwa.
- Isihloko 38. Ukuvimbela Izingozi Zasemsebenzini Ezokuphepha Emgwaqweni. Izici zethrafikhi nomthelela wazo ezingozini zomgwaqo. I-Human Factor, i-Environmental Factor ne-Vehicle Factor. Izingozi Zasemsebenzini ekushayeleni izimoto ezibalulekile. Izinsiza Zokuvikela Ngamunye zomshayeli nabagibeli bezimoto zamaphoyisa. Amasu nokunakekelwa kokuvikela imoto ebaluleke kakhulu.
- Isihloko 39. I-Planimetry: incazelo. Indiza yesethenjwa, izixhumanisi zeCartesian kanye nezixhumanisi ze-polar. I-planimetry yasedolobheni: indiza ye-orthogonal, indiza ye-radiocentric, indiza engajwayelekile. I-planimetry yesazi. Iplanethi ye-Forensic.
- Isihloko 40. Ukubalwa kwezimali. Ama-akhawunti enkampani: ibhalansi sheet, ama-akhawunti enzuzo nokulahleka, inkumbulo Ibhalansi nokuqukethwe kwayo: izimpahla, izikweletu nokulingana. I-VAT: ukusebenza kwe-accounting.
- Isihloko 41. Amandla. Incazelo. Amayunithi wokulinganisa. Izinhlobo zamandla. Ukuguqulwa kwamandla: ukusebenza. Imithombo yamandla: ukuhlukaniswa.