Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kuyini ukufunda okunenjongo ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi ungenza kanjani imiqondo ngaphakathi. Kepha kuyini ukufunda okunenjongo? Ukufunda kuyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sempilo yanoma yimuphi umuntu noma umuntu, ukuze ukwazi ukuphila nokuthuthuka kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde. Ukuphela kwendlela abantu abangakwazi ngayo ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo. Kwesinye isikhathi akwanele ukubamba ngekhanda idatha, kuyadingeka ukuyiqonda nokuyifaka ngaphakathi. Kodwa ulwazi luhlanganiswa kanjani ebuchosheni?
Akuyona yonke into esiyifunda ngokufana, hhayi sonke esihlanganisa imininingwane ngendlela efanayo. UDavid Ausubel wafunda umehluko phakathi kokufunda futhi wakhulisa umbono wakhe wokufunda okunenjongo ukuqonda konke lokhu kangcono kakhulu.
Yini
Ngalolu hlobo lolwazi, abantu bahlobanisa ulwazi lwabo lwangaphambilini namakhono abanawo ukuze bahlanganise imininingwane emisha. Ukuze ufunde, ngalo mqondo, umthombo wokugqugquzela awunakuswela ukunika incazelo kulokho okufundwayo nokuthi umuntu uzwe ukuthi lokho akufundayo kubalulekile.
Kuyindlela yokwakha ulwazi, yokwakha. Kulolu hlobo lokufunda, ulwazi luyaqoqwa, lukhethwe, luhlelwe futhi ubudlelwano busungulwa phakathi kolwazi oluzotholakala ngolwazi owawunalo phambilini. Okuqukethwe okusha kuhlobene nokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini noma ulwazi, okwenza umuntu ofundayo azizwe enogqozi lokwenza kanjalo.
Lapho ukufunda okusha kuhlobene nokunye obekukade kunakho, kwenziwa ulwazi olusha olunencazelo eyingqayizivele kulowo nalowo muntu ... ngoba umuntu ngamunye unokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kanye nemibono yakhe ngempilo. Lokhu kungaqondakala njengokuzwa ukuthi kungazelelwe yonke into iqala ukwenza umqondo ngombono, ithiyori noma ukucabanga.
Ukufunda okunenjongo, ngokunikeza incazelo ekufundeni okudlulisa okuqukethwe okufundiwe kwimemori yesikhathi eside, ikwenze kube ukufunda okusebenzayo, okwakhayo nokuhlala njalo. Uma kungaqondakali, akufundwa, ngakho-ke ukufunda kuzwakala kuwusizo futhi akugcini nje ngokubamba ngekhanda. Umfundi uhlanganiswa nokufunda, uyena ophambili njengoba kuyinqubo yokwazi. Kuwukufunda okusebenzayo okungahlangene nakancane nokwenziwa (i-rote noma i-mechanical).
Yini edingekayo ekufundeni okunenjongo
Ukuze kufundwe okunenjongo, kudingeka ukuthi lowo muntu noma umfundi abe nezici ezahlukahlukene: ukwakheka kwengqondo, izinto zokufunda kanye nogqozi.
Okokuqala udinga ukwakheka kwengqondo okuyisisekelo semininingwane yokuxhumana. Kwakhiwe yimibono esinayo nokucaca abanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuthi ube nezinto zokufunda futhi usabele kuzo ngolwazi lwangaphambilini. Udinga ukuba nemiqondo emisha ukuze ungene ngaphakathi. Uma kunzima ukuthola isixhumanisi, kudingeka umzamo owengeziwe ukuze ukwazi ukuxhumanisa imiqondo emisha nemibono yangaphambilini. Okokugcina, udinga ukukhuthazeka nokuzimisela ukufuna ukufunda izinto. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umfundi ufuna ukuqeqesha nokufunda. Ngaphandle kwentando, imiphumela emihle ayisoze yatholakala.
Izici ezingokomzwelo
Ukufunda okunenjongo kunengxenye engokomzwelo okufanele ibhekwe. Kuyiqiniso lokuthi kunencazelo yomuntu siqu kulokho okufundwayo futhi kulokhu, ubukhulu obuthintekayo nobungokomzwelo buyadingeka. Akugcini ngokugcina imininingwane engqondweni bese uyayikhipha futhi uyiqinisekise unomphela ... kusho ukunikeza incazelo yomuntu siqu kulwazi ukuze ukwazi ukuluqonda nokulufunda kangcono, futhi uma lokhu sekutholakele, kungenise ngaphakathi ngokudlulisela kwimemori yesikhathi eside.
Ekufundeni ngomshini noma okuphindaphindwayo, awukho umuzwa noma inhloso yokufaka ukufunda ngaphakathi, kunemizamo kuphela, isibonelo, yokuphumelela ukuhlolwa, kepha ngaphandle kokunikeza incazelo yangempela kulokho okufundwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho kwenziwa ukufunda okunenjongo, kwenziwa ukungaqondi kahle kwengqondo ukuze kuqondiswe futhi kuhlobaniswe nalokho esivele sikwazi. Nakhu ukuthi ukwakheka kwengqondo kungashintshwa kanjani ... okuthile ukufunda ngomshini noma okuphindaphindwayo okungasoze kwazuza.
Ngakho-ke, kulokhu kufundwa okunenjongo, imiqondo ihlobene nokwenza umqondo wayo: yini okufanele ifundwe nalokho osekuvele kwaziwa noma okufundwe ngokuhlangenwe nakho. Futhi uma usuphenduliwe, ulwazi olusha luyafundwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi umfundi akwazi ukunikeza umbono futhi aphikisane nalokho okufanele akufake ngaphakathi.