Ingoma luhlobo loncwadi oluphawulwa ikakhulu ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo zembongi. Le nkcazo yeemvakalelo ibanjwa ngombongo. Kuyo kukho uthotho lweempawu ezicace gca ezifana nevesi, isitanza okanye imvano-siphelo.
Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kuthetha nawe ngendlela eneenkcukacha kwiindidi zeevesi kunye nezitanza ezikhoyo ngaphakathi kwisihobe.
Ingqiqo yevesi kunye nestanza
Ivesi ngumgca ngamnye oza kubumba umbongo. Istanza yiseti yeevesi ezenza lo mbongo. Akuba ecacile omabini la magama, lixesha lokuthetha ngeentlobo zeevesi nezitanza ezinokuqamba umbongo.
Iindidi zeevesi ngokomlinganiselo wazo, imvano-siphelo okanye isivakalisi
Imigca ingahlelwa ngokomlinganiselo wabo, ngokobukho bemvano-siphelo okanye hayi nangokwesivakalisi.
Iintlobo zeevesi ngokomlinganiselo wakho
Kolu luhlu, iivesi ziya kwahlulwa, ngokwenani lilonke lamalungu kwivesi:
- iivesi zobugcisa ezincinci zezo zinamalungu asi-8 okanye ngaphantsi.
- iivesi eziphambili zobugcisa zezo zinamalungu ali-9 okanye ngaphezulu.
Olunye udidi luya kuba inani lamalungu enziwe ngawo iivesi ezinjalo:
- I-Disyllabic: 2 amalungu
- i-trisyllable: 3 amalungu
- I-Tetrasyllable: 4 amalungu
- IPentasyllable: amalungu amahlanu
- i-hexasyllable: 6 amalungu
- I-Heptasyllable: 7 amalungu
- I-Octosyllable: 8 amalungu
- ilula: 9 amalungu
- I-Decasyllabic: 10 amalungu
- i-hendecasyllable: 11 amalungu
- I-Dodecasyllable: 12 amalungu
- I-Tridecasyllable: 13 amalungu
- Alexandrine: 14 amalungu
- I-Pentadecasyllable: 15 amalungu
Iindidi zeevesi ngokobukho bemvano-siphelo okanye hayi
Kwimeko apho iivesi zinemvano-siphelo, Zisenokuba zikhonsonanti okanye zezwi. Kwimeko apho iivesi zingenamvano-siphelo, zinokwahlulwa:
- ivesi ekhululekile Seso singenamvano-siphelo phakathi kweseti yeevesi ezinemvano-siphelo.
- ivesi engenanto Yeyona ingenamvano-siphelo kodwa yenza umlinganiselo.
- Ivesi yasimahla Ayinamvano-siphelo okanye umlinganiselo.
Iindidi zeevesi ngokwesicinezelo
Olu lwahlulo lubhekisa kwindawo apho isivakalisi sikwivesi. Isivakalisi sibaluleke kakhulu kuba kuxhomekeke kuyo, umbongo uya kuba nodidi olunye lwesandi okanye olwahlukileyo. Ngokwe-accent ezi vesi zinokwahlulwa zibe:
- ivesi ye-oxytone Yiyo ethwele isandisi-zwi kwilungu lokugqibela. Ngoko ke yivesi ebukhali.
- ViParoxytone Ithwala i-accent kwi-syllable yokugqibela. Yivesi ecacileyo.
- ivesi yeproparoxytone Yivesi eluzizi kwaye inesivakalisi esikwilungu elingaphambili.
Iiklasi zestanza ngokwenani leevesi
- Okumiselweyo: yenziwe ngeevesi ezi-2 zobugcisa obukhulu okanye obuncinci kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-siphelo. Iskimu sayo semetric yi-AA AA
- Isithathu: Yenziwe ngeevesi ezi-3 zobugcisa obuphambili kunye nemvano-siphelo yekhonsonanti.
- Iquartet: Eli ligama elinikwe izitanza zeevesi ezine kwaye lahlulwe laziintlobo ezininzi: i-redondilla, i-serventesio, i-quatrain kunye ne-cuaderna nge.
- Ujikeleze: Yenziwe ngeevesi ezi-4 zobugcisa obuncinci kunye nemvano-siphelo yekhonsoni. Iskimu semetric ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: abba.
- IServentesio: Imalunga neevesi ezi-4 zobugcisa obuphambili kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-zandi. Imvano-siphelo yemitha yayo ngu-ABAB.
- Quatrain: Kukho iivesi ezi-4 zobugcisa obuncinci kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-zandi. Isicengcelezo semitha sithi abab.
- U-Sash: Yenziwe ngeevesi ezi-4 zase-Aleksandriya (amalungu ali-14) kunye nemvano-siphelo. Isicengcelezo salo se-metrical siya kuba yi-AAAA.
- Quintet: Iivesi ezi-5 zobugcisa obukhulu kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-zandi. Ayivumeli ngaphezu kweevesi ezi-2 kumqolo onemvano-siphelo efanayo, akukho vesi engenamvano-siphelo kunye nezimbini zokugqibela azinamvano-siphelo kunye nezinye. Imvano-siphelo yemetrikhi iya kuba yile ye-ABAAB.
- Limerick: Kukho iivesi ezi-5 zobugcisa obuncinci kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-zandi. Ineskimu esiguquguqukayo kakhulu kunemeko ye-quintet.
- Lira: Sisitanza esineevesi ezi-5 ezisasazwe ngolu hlobo: iivesi ezimbini zinamalungu alishumi elinanye kwaye iivesi ezintathu zinamalungu asixhenxe anemvano-siphelo ye-consonant. Ngokubhekiselele kwimvano-siphelo yemethrikhi, yile ilandelayo: aBabB.
- Unyawo olwaphukileyo: Kukho iivesi ezi-6 zobugcisa obuncinci obunemvano-siphelo yeqabane. Imvano-siphelo yemitha ngu-abcabc.
- I-Royal Octave: Kukho iivesi ezisi-8 zobugcisa obuphambili kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-zandi. Imvano-siphelo yemitha yayo ngu-ABABABCC.
- Iphetshana: Sisitanza esineevesi ezisi-8 zobugcisa obungephi kunye nemvano-zandi. Iskimu sayo semetric siyaguquguquka.
- Ishumi: Kukho iivesi ezili-10 zobugcisa obuncinci kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-zandi. Imvano-siphelo yemetrikhi isuka ku-abbaaccddc
- Sonnet: Kukho iivesi ezili-14 zobugcisa obukhulu, iiquatrains ezimbini kunye neetriplets ezimbini ezinemvano-siphelo. Imvano-siphelo yemitha yayo yi-ABBA ABBA CDC DCD.
- Ezothando: Sisitanza esinenani elingaqingqwanga leevesi, ngokuqhelekileyo iivesi ezisibhozo ezinemvano-siphelo, iivesi kunye neevesi ezingaqhelekanga simahla.
- USilva: Sisitanza esinenani elingaqingqwanga leevesi. Ziivesi ze-hendecasyllabic kunye ne-heptasyllabic ezinemvano-siphelo efunwa yimbongi nevakaliswa yimbongi.