Zeziphi iimfuno zeMfundo eziZodwa

Abantwana okanye abantu abancinci abaneeMfuno eziZodwa zeMfundo (i-SEN) iya kuba ngabo banobunzima ekufundeni okanye abakhubazekileyo okuya kwenza kube nzima kubo ukuba bafunde njengabanye abantwana abakwiminyaka efanayo. Uninzi lwabantwana nabantu abancinci baya kuba ne-SEN ngaxa lithile kwimfundo yabo ngaphandle kokufuna ingxaki enkulu ebomini babo.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba amaziko emfundo avavanye ezi mfuno ebantwaneni ukuze bakwazi ukuzifikelela ngokuchanekileyo, kunye namanye amaziko okanye iintsapho. Abantwana kufuneka bafunde ukoyisa imiqobo yobunzima babo ngokukhawuleza nangokulula ngoncedo lweengcali ezifanelekileyo. Abanye abantwana baya kufuna uncedo olongezelelekileyo kwaye abanye baya kulidinga lonke ixesha labo okanye bahlengahlengise iminyaka yokuqala yesikolo okanye ikholeji.

Iindidi zeemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa

Nantsi inkcazo yezinye iimeko ezinokuthi zenzeke kule meko:

Izidingo zemfundo zinokunxulumana ne-sensory okanye i-domain. Umzekelo, ukungaboni kakuhle okanye ukuva. Unxibelelwano lukhona kakhulu kwinkqubo yokufunda kuba umfundi afikelela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinikezela ngolwazi ngesihloko ngasinye. Ngesi sizathu, abafundi abaneengxaki ezibonakalayo okanye zokuva kufuneka babe nezixhobo eziyimfuneko zesifundo. Nangona kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuba ngaphaya kwalo naluphi na uvavanyo, inkonzo ihlala ilungiselelwe umntu. Iimpawu zomfundi ngamnye zihlala zizimeleyo kuba, umzekelo, inqanaba lokulahleka kokuva lithe ngqo kwimeko nganye.
Ukukhubazeka kweemoto. Iziko lemfundo kufuneka libonelele ngendawo ekhuselekileyo nengathinteli mntwana. Ngale ndlela, imeko-bume yonyusa ukuzimela komfundi ukuba ahambe kamnandi ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye. Olu hlobo lobunzima lunokwenzeka ngokusisigxina okanye okwethutyana. Olu khubazeko luchaphazela ukusebenza kwemisebenzi ethile yemihla ngemihla. Ke ngoko, kufanelekile ukulungelelanisa imeko yokufunda ukuze umfundi akhuthaze ukufunyanwa kwayo kwaye akwazi ukufikelela kwizibonelelo ezikhoyo kuye. Umdibaniso wabafundi uphelele. Ngamanye amagama, unxibelelwano kunye nentlalo-ntle yeemvakalelo zabantwana kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo.
Izifo ezingapheliyo. Ukuxilongwa kwezempilo kunye nonyango olufanayo kuvelisa utshintsho kubomi besigulana. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokwamkelwa esibhedlele, umfundi akakwazi ukuya eklasini. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlala esibhedlele kunokuhlala iintsuku ezininzi. Ukwamkelwa esibhedlele kutshintsha indlela yesiqhelo. Kodwa eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba isigulana singachacha kwaye, emva koko, siqhubeke nenkqubo yokufunda. Oku kungqinwa yimfundiso yasesibhedlele. Isikolo singaphezulu kokungqonge indawo yokufunda, ikwasisithuba sobudlelwane apho abafundi babelana ngamathuba abalulekileyo. Ngesi sizathu, imfundo ekhuthazwayo kwicandelo lokufundela esibhedlele liphucula umgangatho wobomi babantwana.
Iingxaki zokufunda njengomzekelo idyslexia. Kubeka ubunzima ekufundeni ukufunda ukusuka kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo: ukuqonda ukuqonda, ukufunda ngokutyibilikayo kunye nesingqisho. I-Dyscalculia, ingxaki yokufunda, ibhekisa kubunzima obuhambelana nokufunda imathematics. Umfundi ubonakalisa uhlobo oluthile lomqobo ekufezekisweni kokubala okunje ngokudibanisa amanani aliqela, ukwahlulahlula, ukuthabatha okanye ukuphinda-phinda.
Iimfuno zemfundo yexeshana: Olu hlobo lobunzima luyazibonakalisa ngexesha elithile njengesiphumo sezinto ezahlukeneyo. Umfundi ufuna ingqalelo enkulu ngexesha elithile lobomi bakhe bokufunda. Iimfuno zokudlula ke zezokwexeshana ngokwendalo.
Iimfuno ezisisigxina zemfundongokuchaseneyo, zihlala ixesha lonke lesikolo.
Amandla aphakamileyo. Xa umfundi ebonisa isidingo senkxaso kwezemfundo, kungenxa yokuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, indlela yesiqhelo yeklasini ayihambelani noko kufunekayo ngelo xesha. Kule meko, umfundi ubonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kwizifundo okanye unamandla amakhulu. Umntu ubonakala kwindawo enye okanye ezininzi. Kungekudala umfundi uqokelela ulwazi olutsha kwaye aludibanise kunye noko wayekufunde ngaphambili.
Ukuxhalaba. Le nto inefuthe elibi kuxinzelelo, kwi khuthazo nakwinkqubo yesikolo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kubekho unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwamaziko emfundo kunye neentsapho zabantwana abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa. Isikolo yindawo ekubhekiswa kuyo kumfundi, kodwa kunjalo nasekhaya. Ngesi sizathu, ootata noomama bakwalathisa abantwana babo kule nkqubo yokufunda. Iziko lemfundo lihamba neentsapho ukuphendula imibuzo, ukunika inkxaso kunye nezixhobo zokukhapha. Ukuzinikela kosapho kwimfundo yabantwana kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kuyafuneka ukuba babe nolindelo olusengqiqweni lwenkqubo yokufunda yomntwana (ngaphandle kokuthelekisa isantya sayo kunye neso sabanye afunda nabo).

Ukongeza, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba nayo unokuba neemfuno zemfundo zentlalo, ezinje ngeeklasi zokuqinisa, okanye ukuba kwiklasi enabafundi abambalwa. Ukuba kunjalo, umqeqeshi wesikolo udlala indima ebalulekileyo, kuba umntwana uya kufuna umntu anokuzityhila kuye ngokuzithemba, kunye nomntu omkhokelayo kwinkqubo yobudlelwane nabanye abantwana.

Ukufundiswa kwabafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa zemfundo

Izifundo kunye nezibonelelo zabafundi abanesidingo esithile senkxaso yemfundo babiziwe liSebe lezeMfundo noQeqesho loMsebenzi. Ukuze waziswe ngokupapashwa komnxeba olandelayo ungadibana ne-BOE. Kwiifowuni ezidlulileyo, ezi zibonelelo zibonelela ngenkxaso ethe ngqo kubafundi abachaphazeleke kukuNgasebenzi kakuhle, okanye i-ADHD.

Ngenxa yesi sifo, umfundi ufuna ukubeka iliso ngokuthe ngqo. Ezi ncedo ngokuthe ngqo zikwabonelela ngenkxaso kubafundi abane-Autism spectrum disorder. Le ntlanganiso izibonelelo, kwelinye icala, uncedo kunye neenkxaso zabafundi abanesidingo senkxaso yemfundo ngenxa yokukhubazeka okanye ukungaziphathi kakuhle.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibonelelo zikwajolise kubafundi abaneemfuno ezithile zenkxaso yemfundo enxulumene namandla aphezulu. Xa ufaka isicelo sokufunda ngezi mpawu, kuyafuneka ukuba uqwalasele ngononophelo iziseko kwaye, kwakhona, ujonge ukuba zeziphi iimfuno ekufuneka zifezekisiwe.

Kule meko, kubalulekile ukungqina isidingo esithile senkxaso yemfundo efunwa ngumfundi xa ufaka isicelo sobufundi. Iziko lezemfundo apho izifundo zabafundi zinokubonelela ngolwazi olunomdla kusapho ngokunxulumene nomxholo ekuxoxwe ngawo kweli nqanaba: izibonelelo kunye nezibonelelo.

Ubunzima babantwana abaneeMfuno eziZodwa zeMfundo

Xa umntwana, ulutsha okanye umntu omdala eneeMfuno eziZodwa zeMfundo (SEN) baya kubonisa ubunzima kwi:

Ubunzima bokufunda, ekufumaneni izakhono ezisisiseko kwimeko yesiqhelo, esikolweni okanye kwamanye amaziko emfundo.
Ubunzima bempilo, kwezentlalo, ngokweemvakalelo okanye ngengqondo.
Ubunzima bokufunda obuthile (ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuqonda ulwazi, njl.
Iimvakalelo okanye iimfuno zomzimba (ukungaboni kakuhle, ukungaboni kakuhle, ubunzima obuchaphazela ukukhula okuqhelekileyo)
Iingxaki zonxibelelwano ukuzibonakalisa okanye ukuqonda ukuba bathini abanye
Iimeko zonyango okanye impilo

Abantwana kunye nabantu abancinci banokuqhubela phambili ngamazinga ahlukeneyo kwaye baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda ngcono. Iingcali kwezemfundo kunye wengqondo Bamele bakuthathele ingqalelo oku ukuze baququzelele iiklasi zabo, iiseshoni zabo kwaye ke bakwazi ukufundisa ngokwaneleyo kwiimfuno zabantwana okanye zabantu abancinci. Abantwana okanye abantu abancinci abaqhubela phambili kancinci okanye abanobunzima obuthile kwindawo leyo, kufuneka babe noncedo olongezelelekileyo ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela ekufundeni kwabo.

Izidingo zemfundo ezizodwa: imigaqo-siseko esisiseko

Kukho imigaqo-siseko esisiseko ekufuneka wonke umntu obandakanyekayo kwimfundo yabantwana ene-SEN ayithathele ingqalelo. Xa usebenza nabantwana abane-SEN, kubalulekile ukugcina la manqaku alandelayo engqondweni:

Ukuba umntwana une-SEN, ukufundisa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwaye kulungelelaniswe neemfuno zomntwana, isingqi sakhe kunye nendlela yakhe yokufunda. Kufanele ukuba ibe yimfundo ebanzi, elungeleleneyo nefanelekileyo.
Izimvo zabazali kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kwaye imelwe iminqweno yomntwana.
Izidingo zabantwana abane-SEN kuya kufuneka zijongiwe ziingcali zangaphandle kwezinye iimeko.
Abazali kufuneka babe nelizwi eligqibeleleyo kuzo zonke izigqibo ezichaphazela umntwana wabo.
Abazali ngabona bantu babalulekileyo xa kufikwa kumba wokukhulisa abantwana.

Fumana uncedo olwaneleyo

Iminyaka yokuqala yabantwana, nje ukuba i-SEN ichongwe, kuyakufuneka ukufumana uncedo ngokweemfuno zomntwana. Iminyaka yokuqala yobomi lixesha elibalulekileyo lokukhula ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokweemvakalelo, kwezentlalo nakwezengqondo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba nengxaki yokukhula, ungamvumeli adlule, Kuya kufuneka uye kugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuvavanya imeko yomntwana wakho kwaye ufumane uncedo olufunekayo.

Emva koko kuya kufuneka uye esikolweni somntwana wakho uyokuthetha nootitshala babo kwaye uvavanye ukuba zikwabonile naziphi na iingxaki eklasini. Isikolo kufuneka sithathe uxanduva lokunceda abantwana abane-SEN. Ungabuza imibuzo esikolweni efana nale:

Ngaba ucinga ukuba unyana wam unengxaki ethile?
Ngaba unyana wam uyakwazi ukusebenza kwinqanaba elifanayo nabo afunda nabo?
Ngaba umntwana wam ufuna inkxaso engaphezulu?
Ngaba zikhona izibonelelo ezaneleyo esikolweni zokuba bakwazi ukunceda abantwana abaneengxaki? Eyiphi?

Ukuba isikolo somntwana kunye ne-SEN siyavuma ukuba banokuba ne-SEN kwezinye iindawo, amanyathelo aya kufuneka athathwe ukuze asifumane kwaye athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo baya kukuthumela kwisayikholojisti yesikolo ukuba uthathe iimvavanyo ezithile ukuvavanya ubuchule bakho okanye ukufumanisa isifo, kunye nezinye iingcali, ubunzima obunokubakho. Ukongeza, uncedo lwe umcebisi kwezemfundo Iya kuba yimfuneko emntwaneni, kuba iya kubanceda bafunde ngesantya sabo.

Abantwana abane-SEN kufuneka banakekelwe ngendlela yokuba banokuphucula onke amandla abo ukuya phezulu, ngaphandle kokuthelekisa nabanye abantwana abakwiminyaka yakhe, kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukubanakho kwayo kunye nayo yonke into anokuyiphumeza.