Izinhlobo zezilimi emphakathini

Ulimi lusichaza njengabantu futhi lusivumela ukuthi sizikhombe. Ngenxa yolimi sikwazile ukuvela njengohlobo oluthile futhi lokho kusihlukanisa nolunye uhlobo. Emphakathini wethu kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilimi ezidingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukuxhumana kahle. Lezi zinhlobo zolimi zenzeka ezimpilweni zabantu zansuku zonke futhi ziyisihluthulelo samakhono ezenhlalo nobudlelwano.

Ukuxhumana nolimi kungamathuluzi adingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukuveza imicabango, imizwa, imibono kanye nemizwa. Zisetshenziswa phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu ngasikhathi sinye, imvamisa engxoxweni futhi kuya ngenqubo yokuxhumana, ungaba nempumelelo engcono noma embi kakhulu yokuxhumana. Ulimi luyasichaza kodwa akumele ludidaniswe nolimi (ikhodi ejwayelekile ensimini okuchazwa incazelo yayo futhi isetshenziswe ngamalungu ayo ukuxhumana).

Ulimi lungakhulunywa ngomlomo noma lubhalwe futhi inhloso yalo icacile: ukuxhumana ngezidingo, imicabango, imibono phakathi kwabantu, ukwabelana ngolwazi, njll. Njengoba kungaba nezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemiyalezo, lokhu kuzophinde kusho ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zolimi futhi kuzomele ukhethe eyodwa noma enye kuye ngokuthi uzithola ukusiphi isimo. Ukuxhumana kubalulekile empilweni yawo wonke umuntu, Kuyisihluthulelo sokwakha ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwabantu nokuthi kube nokuzivumelanisa okuhle nemvelo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zolimi kubantu

Ngenxa yezinhlobo ezilandelayo zolimi, abantu bangaxhumana nganoma iyiphi indlela, bedlulisa ulwazi noma imibono engenzeka. Igama linamandla amakhulu futhi kufanele sifunde ukulisebenzisa kahle! Indlela enhle yokufunda ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ukuyazi nokuhlukanisa izinhlobo.

Ngokwendalo kolimi olusetshenzisiwe

Kuzoncika kumongo okusetshenziswa kuwo ulimi:

• Ulimi lwezincwadi. Isetshenziswa ngababhali emibhalweni yabo yokubhala (okuqukethwe kwamasiko kanye nama-colloquialisms). Isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amagama anezinhlamba ngokuya ngokuthi umbhali ufuna ukuveza ini.
• Ulimi oluhlelekile. Ulimi olungenabuntu olusetshenziselwa izinjongo zemfundo noma zomsebenzi. Ayisebenzisi i-colloquiliasmos ngoba iphikisana nolimi olungakahleleki.
• Ulimi olungakahleleki.  Ulimi lwemvelo noma oludumile olusetshenziswa ngabantu ekusebenzisaneni kwansuku zonke. Silulumagama esizenzekelayo esizalwa ngabantu ukuxhumana. Isetshenziswa ngokungazi futhi ifundwe kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kuhlobene nomongo namasiko alowo muntu.
• Ulimi lokuzenzela. Ngalolu limi, kuvezwa izici zobuchwepheshe ezivame ukuba nzima ukuziqonda ngolimi lwemvelo. Kuchazwa ngendlela yamabomu ngokuya ngezidingo zalabo abayisebenzisayo (ulimi lwezibalo, ulimi lohlelo, ulimi lwekhompyutha, njll.)
• Ulimi lwesayensi noma lobuchwepheshe. Isetshenziswa ososayensi ukuveza imibono nolwazi. Abantu bakule nyunyana efanayo bavame ukuyiqonda.

Ngokwento yokuxhumana noma ukudluliswa

Kuzoncika kwinqubo yokuxhumana ekhethwe ukuxhumana noma ukudlulisa ulimi:

• Ulimi lomlomo noma ulimi olukhulunywayo. Imisindo evela olimini isetshenziselwa ukuveza imizwa, imibono, noma imicabango. Imisindo yenza amagama namagama akhe imisho. Kufanele kube nengqondo futhi kuhambisane nomongo.
• Ulimi olubhalwayo. Yakhiwa ukumelwa okucacile kwezinkulumo zomlomo. Ulimi olubhalwayo lulingana nolimi olukhulunywayo kepha luhlanganiswe ngamakhodi abhaliwe. Ukwenza umqondo, kufanele kube nengqondo futhi kuhleleke ngendlela ethile.
• Ulimi lwesithonjana. Ulimi olungakhulumi ngamazwi olusetshenziswa kwezimpawu. Izimpawu zilwazimagama kanye nohlelo lolimi.
• Ulimi olungakhulumi. Ulimi lobuso olungakhulumi ngamazwi lungahluka (Amagama awadingeki futhi asetshenziswa ngokungazi. Ihlobene nokushukuma komzimba, ukwakheka nokunyakaza komzimba kwabantu. Ubuso bunencazelo engafundwa). Ulimi lobuso lweKinesic olungakhulumi (Iminyakazo evezwa ngokunyakaza komzimba. Izimpawu zomzimba, indlela umuntu ahamba ngayo, ukunyakaza kwezandla, ubuso noma iphunga lomzimba ziyingxenye yalolu hlobo lolimi). Ulimi lobuso be-proxemic nonverbal (ukusondela kanye nesimo sengqondo sabantu, amabanga emasikweni ahlukene).

Ezinye izinhlobo zolimi

Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zolimi ngaphandle kwalezo ezishiwo eziyingxenye yomphakathi wethu futhi okudingeka ukuthi wazi ukusebenzisa uma kunesidingo:

• Ulimi lwendawo. Ulimi olukhulunywayo
• Ulimi lwe-egocentric. Ulimi lokuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwezingane
• Ulimi olukhulunywayo. Izilimi zomama esifundeni noma ezweni.
• Slang. Ulimi olusetshenziswa iqembu labantu elinganiselwe (imvamisa elenziwe).
• Ijargon. Ulimi lusetshenziswe emsebenzini, ubungcweti noma iqembu labantu (ijagoni yomndeni).
• I-Lingua franca. Hlanganisa izilimi ezahlukahlukene (ulimi oluvamile kubantu abakhuluma izilimi ezahlukahlukene).
• Ulimi lwezilwane. Ulimi olungaqondakali kubantu futhi olusetshenziswa yizilwane ukuxhumana kwazo.
• Dweba. Indlela yokukhuluma ngokususelwa kuzici zenhlalo noma zejografi.
• I-Piddin. Ulimi olwenziwe lula lwabantu abangakhulumi ulimi olufanayo ukuxhumana.
• UPatois. Izinhlobonhlobo zezilimi ezingajwayelekile ezifana nesiCreole ezinencazelo yokwehliswa komphakathi.