Izingane noma abantu abasha abaneZidingo Ezikhethekile Zemfundo (i-SEN) kuzoba yilabo abanenkinga yokufunda noma abakhubazekile okuzokwenza kube nzima kubo ukuthi bafunde njengoba kwenza ezinye izingane ezilingana nabo. Izingane eziningi nabantu abasha bazoba ne-SEN ngesikhathi esithile emfundweni yabo ngaphandle kwalokhu okudinga inkinga enkulu ezimpilweni zabo zonke.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi izikhungo zemfundo zingahlola lezi zidingo ezinganeni ukuze zikwazi ukuzinakekela ngendlela efanele, kanye nezinye izikhungo noma imindeni. Izingane kufanele zifunde ukunqoba izithiyo zobunzima bazo ngokushesha futhi kalula ngosizo lochwepheshe abafanele. Ezinye izingane zizodinga usizo olwengeziwe kanti ezinye zizodinga sonke isikhathi sazo noma zilungise iminyaka yokuqala yesikole noma ngisho nasekolishi.
Izinhlobo zezidingo ezikhethekile zemfundo
Nayi isethulo samanye amacala angenzeka kulo mongo:
- Izidingo zemfundo zingahlobene nesizinda sezinzwa noma somzimba. Isibonelo, ukukhubazeka kokubona noma ukuzwa. Ukuxhumana kukhona kakhulu kunqubo yokufunda njengoba umfundi ethola izinto ezahlukahlukene ezinikeza imininingwane ngesihloko ngasinye. Ngalesi sizathu, abafundi abanenkinga yokubuka noma yokuzwa kumele babe nezinsizakusebenza ezidingekayo zocwaningo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphezu kwanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa, insizakalo ihlala iqondiswa uqobo. Izici zomfundi ngamunye zihlala zodwa njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokulahleka kokuzwa licacisiwe ecaleni ngalinye.
- Ukukhubazeka kwezimoto. Isikhungo semfundo kumele sinikeze isikhala esiphephile nesingenazithiyo enganeni. Ngale ndlela, imvelo ithuthukisa ukuzimela komfundi ukuze ahambe kamnandi ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu aye kwelinye. Lolu hlobo lobunzima lungenzeka unomphela noma okwesikhashana. Lokhu kukhubazeka kunomthelela ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi ethile yansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukuvumelanisa isimo sokufunda ukuze umfundi akhuthaze ukutholakala kwakhe futhi akwazi ukufinyelela izinsizakusebenza athola zona. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabafundi kuphelele. Ngamanye amagama, ukuxhumana nenhlala-kahle yomntwana esemncane nakho kumele kunakekelwe.
- Izifo ezingamahlalakhona. Ukuxilongwa kwezempilo kanye nokwelashwa okuhambisanayo kuveza izinguquko empilweni yesiguli. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokungeniswa esibhedlela, umfundi akakwazi ukuya ekilasini. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlala esibhedlela kungahlala izinsuku eziningi. Ukwamukelwa esibhedlela kushintsha inqubo yangaphambilini. Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isiguli singalulama futhi, bese, siqhubeka nenqubo yaso yokufunda. Lokhu kufakazelwa yimfundiso yasesibhedlela. Isikole singaphezulu kakhulu kwendawo yokufunda, futhi siyisikhala sobudlelwano lapho abafundi babelana khona izikhathi ezibalulekile. Ngalesi sizathu, imfundo ekhuthazwa emkhakheni wamakilasi asesibhedlela ithuthukisa izinga lempilo yezingane.
- Izinkinga zokufunda njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, i- i-dyslexia. Kubeka ubunzima ekufundeni ukufunda emibonweni eyahlukene: ukuqonda ukuqonda, ukukhuluma ngokushelela nesigqi. I-Dyscalculia, inkinga yokufunda, ibhekisa ebunzimeni obuhambisana nokutadisha izibalo. Umfundi ukhombisa uhlobo oluthile lwesithiyo ekufezekisweni kwezibalo ezifana nesamba sezinombolo eziningana, ukwahlukana, ukukhipha noma ukuphindaphinda.
- Izidingo zemfundo zesikhashana: lolu hlobo lobunzima luzibonakalisa ngesikhathi esithile njengomphumela wezici ezahlukahlukene. Umfundi udinga ukunakwa okukhulu ngesikhathi esithile sempilo yakhe yokufunda. Izidingo zesikhashana ngakho-ke ngokwesikhashana ngokwemvelo.
- Izidingo ezihlala njalo zemfundokunalokho, zihlala isikhathi sonke sesikole.
- Amandla aphezulu. Lapho umfundi eletha isidingo sokwesekwa kwezemfundo, kungenxa yokuthi, phakathi kokunye, inqubo ejwayelekile yekilasi ayihambelani nalokho okudingekayo ngaleso sikhathi. Kulokhu, umfundi ukhombisa ukusebenza kahle kwezemfundo noma unamandla amakhulu. Umuntu ugqame endaweni eyodwa noma eziningana. Isitshudeni ngokushesha sifaka imininingwane emisha bese siyayihlanganisa nalokho ebikufunde phambilini.
- Izinkinga zokukhathazeka. Lesi sici sinomthelela omubi ekugxileni, ku isisusa nasekusebenzeni kwesikole.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kube nokuxhumana okusondele phakathi kwezikhungo zemfundo nemindeni yezingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile zemfundo. Isikole siyindawo okubhekiselwa kuyo kumfundi, kepha kunjalo nasekhaya. Ngalesi sizathu, obaba nomama nabo bahola izingane zabo kule nqubo yokufunda. Isikhungo semfundo sihamba nemindeni ukuphendula imibuzo, sinikeze amathuluzi okusekela nokuhambisana. Ukuzibophezela komndeni emfundweni yengane yabo kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi babe nokulindela okungokoqobo enqubweni yokufunda yengane uqobo (ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa ijubane layo nelabanye abafunda nabo).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kubhekwe nakho lokho ingaba nezidingo zemfundo zenhlalo yomphakathi, njengamakilasi okuqinisa, noma ukuba sekilasini elinabafundi abambalwa. Uma kunjalo, umfundisi wesikole udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ingane izodinga umuntu engazikhulumela naye ngokuzethemba, kanye nomuntu ozomqondisa enkambweni yokuzijabulisa nezinye izingane.
Ukufundiswa kwabafundi abanezidingo ezikhethekile zemfundo
Ama-Scholarship nezibonelelo zabafundi abanesidingo esithile sokwesekwa kwezemfundo babizwa nguMnyango Wezemfundo Nokuqeqeshwa Kwezobuciko. Ukuze waziswe ngokushicilelwa kocingo olulandelayo ungaxhumana ne-BOE. Ezingcingo ezedlule, lezi zibonelelo bezihlinzeka ukwesekwa okuqondile kwabafundi abathintekayo yi-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, noma i-ADHD.
Njengomphumela walesi sifo, umfundi udinga ukuqapha okuthile. Lezi zinsiza eziqondile zinikeza nokuxhasa abafundi abane-autism spectrum disorder. Lomhlangano ngakolunye uhlangothi, usizo kanye noxhaso lwabafundi abanesidingo sokwesekwa kwezemfundo ngenxa yokukhubazeka noma ukungaziphathi kahle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibonelelo zibhekiswe nakwabafundi abanezidingo ezithile zokuxhaswa kwezemfundo ezihlobene namakhono aphezulu. Lapho ufaka isicelo sokufunda ngalezi zici, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke ngokucophelela izisekelo futhi, futhi, uhlole ukuthi yiziphi izidingo abafakizicelo okufanele bahlangabezane nazo.
Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukufakazela isidingo esithile sokwesekwa kwezemfundo okudingwa ngumfundi lapho ufaka isicelo salomfundaze. Isikhungo sezemfundo lapho izifundo zabafundi singanikela futhi ngemininingwane ethakazelisa emndenini maqondana nesihloko okuxoxwe ngaso kuleli phuzu: izifundi nezibonelelo.
Ubunzima bezingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile zemfundo
Lapho ingane, intsha noma umuntu omdala eneZidingo Ezikhethekile Zemfundo (SEN) bazokhombisa ubunzima ku:
- Ubunzima bokufunda, ekutholeni amakhono ayisisekelo endaweni ejwayelekile, esikoleni noma kwezinye izikhungo zemfundo.
- Ubunzima bezempilo, ezenhlalo, ezemizwa noma ezengqondo.
- Ubunzima bokufunda obuthile (ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuqonda imininingwane, njll.)
- Izidingo ezizwelayo noma zomzimba (ukukhubazeka kokuzwa, ukukhubazeka kokubona, ubunzima bomzimba obungathinta ukukhula okujwayelekile)
- Izinkinga zokuxhumana ukuveza imizwa yakho noma ukuqonda okushiwo abanye
- Izimo zezokwelapha noma ezempilo
Izingane nabantu abasha bangathuthuka ngamanani ahlukene futhi babe nezindlela ezihlukile zokufunda kangcono. Ochwepheshe kwezemfundo kanye bhekumuziwase Kufanele bakunake lokhu ukuze bahlele amakilasi abo, izikhathi zabo futhi ngaleyo ndlela bakwazi ukufundisa ngendlela efanelekile izidingo zomuntu siqu zezingane noma zentsha. Izingane noma abantu abasha abathuthuka kancane noma abanezinkinga ezithile endaweni, kufanele babe nosizo olwengeziwe ukuze bakwazi ukuphumelela ekufundeni kwabo.
Izidingo Ezikhethekile Zemfundo: izimiso eziyisisekelo
Kunemigomo eminingi eyisisekelo wonke umuntu obambe iqhaza ekufundiseni izingane ezine-SEN okufanele azicabangele. Lapho usebenza nezingane ezine-SEN, kubalulekile ukugcina la maphuzu alandelayo engqondweni:
- Uma ingane ine-SEN, imfundiso kufanele ibhekwe futhi ivumelaniswe nezidingo zomuntu siqu, isigqi sayo kanye nendlela yakhe yokufunda. Kufanele kube imfundo ebanzi, elinganiselayo futhi efanelekile.
- Imibono yabazali kufanele ibhekwe nezifiso zengane ezilalelwayo.
- Izidingo zezingane ezine-SEN kuzofanele zibhekelwe ngongoti bangaphandle kwezinye izimo.
- Abazali kufanele babe nezwi eliphelele kuzo zonke izinqumo ezithinta ingane yabo.
- Abazali bangabantu ababaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokukhulisa izingane zabo.
Thola usizo olufanele
Iminyaka yokuqala yezingane, ngokushesha lapho i-SEN ikhonjwa, kuzodingeka ukuthola usizo ngokuya ngezidingo zengane. Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila iyisikhathi esibalulekile sokukhula kwezingane ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo, kwezenhlalo nangokwengqondo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingaba nenkinga yokukhula, ungayivumeli idlule, Kufanele uye kudokotela wakho masinyane uyohlola isimo sengane yakho bese uthola usizo oludingekayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele uye esikoleni sengane yakho uyokhuluma nothisha babo futhi uhlole ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini abanakile abakutholile ekilasini. Isikole kumele sithathe umthwalo wokusiza izingane ezine-SEN. Ungabuza imibuzo esikoleni efana nale:
- Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi indodana yami inezinkinga zohlobo oluthile?
- Ngabe indodana yami iyakwazi ukusebenza ezingeni elifanayo nabanye abafundi efunda nabo?
- Ingabe ingane yami idinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe?
- Ngabe kunezinsizakusebenza ezanele esikoleni ezingakwazi ukusiza izingane ezinobunzima? Yikuphi?
Uma isikole sengane esine-SEN sivuma ukuthi bangaba ne-SEN kwezinye izindawo, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ukuzitholela nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele. Cishe bazokuthumela kudokotela wezengqondo wesikole ukuze uthathe izivivinyo ezithile ukuhlola ikhono lakho noma ukuxilonga, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe, ubunzima obungaba khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usizo lwe- umeluleki wezemfundo Izobaluleka enganeni, ngoba izoyisiza ukuthi ifunde ngejubane layo.
Izingane ezine-SEN kufanele zinakekelwe ngendlela yokuthi zithuthukise wonke amakhono azo ziye phezulu ngaphandle kokuziqhathanisa nezinye izingane zeminyaka yakhe, kepha ucabangela amakhono akhe nakho konke angakufeza.
Ngiyabonga ngalolu lwazi olwethulwe ngendlela emfushane futhi ecacile.